Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by impulsivity, unstable affect, inconsistent interpersonal relationships, and poor self-image. Some individuals also display uncontrollable anger and depression. The pattern is typically present by early adulthood, and occurs across a variety of situations and contexts.[3] Other symptoms include intense fears of abandonment, sensitivity to feelings of rejection, and irritability of vague or uncertain origin.[3][4] People with BPD often engage in idealization and devaluation of others, alternating between high positive regard and great disappointment.[5] Self-harm, suicidal behavior, and substance abuse are commonly associated.[6]
The cause of BPD is unclear but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. A study done on twins suggested the illness could be inherited. Traits such as impulsiveness and aggression can be attributed to temperament.[7] There is evidence that abnormalities of the frontolimbic networks are associated with many of the symptoms.[8] The disorder is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Since a personality disorder is a pervasive, enduring, and inflexible pattern of maladaptive inner experiences and pathological behavior, there is a general reluctance to diagnose personality disorders before adolescence or early adulthood.[9] However, some practitioners emphasize that without early treatment, the symptoms may worsen.[10]
There is an ongoing debate about the terminology of this disorder, especially the suitability of the word "borderline".[11][12] The ICD-10 manual refers to the disorder as emotionally unstable personality disorder and has similar diagnostic criteria. In the DSM-5, the name of the disorder remains the same as in the previous editions
The cause of BPD is unclear but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors. A study done on twins suggested the illness could be inherited. Traits such as impulsiveness and aggression can be attributed to temperament.[7] There is evidence that abnormalities of the frontolimbic networks are associated with many of the symptoms.[8] The disorder is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Since a personality disorder is a pervasive, enduring, and inflexible pattern of maladaptive inner experiences and pathological behavior, there is a general reluctance to diagnose personality disorders before adolescence or early adulthood.[9] However, some practitioners emphasize that without early treatment, the symptoms may worsen.[10]
There is an ongoing debate about the terminology of this disorder, especially the suitability of the word "borderline".[11][12] The ICD-10 manual refers to the disorder as emotionally unstable personality disorder and has similar diagnostic criteria. In the DSM-5, the name of the disorder remains the same as in the previous editions
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